This course provides a comprehensive introduction to the principles and technologies used to transform raw data into structured, actionable knowledge. Starting from the formal foundations of Mathematical Logic, students will explore the evolution of data storage—from Relational and NoSQL databases to the specialized world of RDF and Triplestores. A significant portion of the course is dedicated to the "Semantic" layer of information, focusing on Ontologies (OWL) and the lifecycle of Knowledge Graphs, including their construction, exploitation, and the application of automated Reasoning to uncover hidden insights. Upon successful completion of the course, students will be able to: - understand and apply Propositional, First-order, and Description Logics as the basis for knowledge representation - evaluate and implement various data models, including Relational, NoSQL, and Graph-based (RDF) systems - design and develop formal Ontologies using the OWL language to define relationships and constraints within a domain - construct, manage, and query Knowledge Graphs to integrate heterogeneous data sources.